Thank-you JayCee, yes there is more. Hello Mr. Baldy!
Here is a detailed study of another important, major end-time narrative.
The Man of Lawlessness
In 2nd Thessalonians 2, Paul lays out a sequence of events that will precede Christ’s coming. Like much of the Bible, Paul uses a linear sequence format providing evidence that Christ’s parousias, or coming, had not yet occurred. The Thessalonians mistakenly thought the Coming of the Lord had already occurred. Paul corrects that mistake:
2TH 2:1 Concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to him, we ask you, brothers, 2 not to become easily unsettled or alarmed by some prophecy, report or letter supposed to have come from us, saying that the day of the Lord has already come.
The first thing that Paul does is link the coming of our Lord Jesus with the gathering. Paul also establishes the Day of the Lord as being the Day of Christ with his parousias. As stated, the order is implied of one and then the other by linking through the conjunction ‘and’. By stating it as he does, Paul mirrors what Jesus explains in the Olivet Discourse: The Son of Man comes and the Elect are gathered to Him. This can be confirmed from Paul’s first letter where he clearly spells out the order:
1TH 4:16 For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever.
Here, Paul gives the order that Jesus comes down from Heaven. The dead in Christ are then raised first and with the ordering “after that” those who are still alive and are left are gathered. So the initial coming of Christ is for the Elect. They are gathered after He comes, meeting the Elect at the halfway point in the clouds. Furthermore, this happens on the same day as Paul continues on in his second letter because he states “that day” linking the two to a single day.
2TH 2:3 Don't let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction.
Because of the use of until as a conjunction, the order here is reversed. However, by restating the condition Paul lays down shows two events which must precede the Day of the Lord. By putting the conditional clauses first, a normal order can be reestablished. First Rebellion occurs and then the Man of Lawlessness is revealed and both these precede the coming of Christ. The first overall sequence of events can be delineated thus as:
- The Rebellion
- Man of lawlessness is revealed
- Second coming of our Lord
- Our being gathering to Him
- Dead in Christ
- Those who are alive and are left
As stated earlier in this chapter, with The First Half Week, this rebellion can pertain to the actions of the people led by the anti-Christ. It certainly has the same aspects of Daniel 8:12 which in the case of the end-times, this has the daily sacrifice not only handed over but also put to an end. In Jesus’ Olivet Discourse, He stated:
MT 24:12 Because of the increase of wickedness, the love of most will grow cold,
The second condition pertains to the man of lawlessness being revealed. This can happen any number of ways, from his emergence as a power broker from within the ten ministers of the ruling council over the last terrible nation, to the one brokering the peace which initiates the seventieth ‘seven,’ to being wounded and healed and finally placing the abomination in the Temple. Because the book of Revelations reveals the ten Kings are aligned with the anti-Christ in his endeavor, a general rebellion, or state of apostasy may be understood as existing which allows for the emergence of the anti-Christ. Paul sets the order here as rebellion first and then the anti-Christ is revealed.
Paul concludes his sequence of: rebellion - anti-Christ revealed - Christ’s coming - gathering; as having an end where the anti-Christ is destroyed. This is same ultimate consequence is indicated in Daniel 9:27 and 11:45. Jesus speaks the same way assuring His audience of the end in Matthew 24:14. And like Jesus’ continuation in the Olivet Discourse with the very next verse, Paul expounds on the nature of the anti-Christ’s actions.
2TH 2:4 He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God's temple, proclaiming himself to be God.
The opposition and exaltation are different aspects of the same
apostesia evident as a form of Rebellion. The oppression of God’s people is one form of opposition. The manner of opposition coincides to the three and a half years of oppression Christians suffer. Seemingly, the forces of evil are gaining. The other is the elevation of the man against God. This is akin to Emperors and Kings who have proclaimed their selves to be God, or setting up idols of worship even of themselves as Nebuchadnezzar did, however, Paul includes one salient fact here which fits with the Abomination just spoken of: this talking self-idol worship as delineated in Revelation chapter 13 is set up in the Temple. This would be the last possible instance where the man of lawlessness is revealed. If God’s people weren’t on guard before, in like fashion to the faithful Jews of the second century B.C., now they will start to resist this beast of a man as the Man in Linen laid out in the lens of dual focus of Daniel 11:31-35. Expanding on the second event in the sequence listed above, Paul lists four key events in respect to the anti-Christ here to the Thessalonians that will precede Jesus’
parousias:
- The rebellion occurs versus Opposition and exaltation
- The man of lawlessness revealed versus Setting himself up as God
Then - Jesus comes
- Our being gathering to Him
- Dead in Christ
- Those who are alive and are left
At first look, rather than have the order between the two preceding sets of conditions appear in parallel, as just stated, the aspect of Rebellion can encompass both the finer points Paul gives in verse 2:4. So one possibility is rather than stating rebellion as a general condition of the people, the second set of conditions could be substituted for Rebellion in the general sequence of events. However, countering that argument is an example of rebellion followed by the emergence of an anti-Christ figure in Antiochus IV Epiphanes. In that period of time, Daniel foresaw a general condition that led to a greater offence.
DA 8:12 “Because of rebellion, the host of the saints and the daily sacrifice were given over to it.”
As a consequence for rebellion, or
pasha, which means
transgression, a further event which is an abomination (
siqqus) is allowed to happen. Here, in history, was a general ‘falling away’ from the standard of Old Testament custom in how the Jews of the second century conducted their personal affairs. Their devotion to God was displaced and Greek customs become the object of their desire. Gabriel reiterates the general condition of rebels (
pasha, a word closely related to
pasha) giving rise to the example provided in Daniel 11:31 for the end-time anti-Christ.
DA 8:23 “In the latter part of their reign, when rebels have become completely wicked, a stern-faced king, a master of intrigue, will arise.”
The rebels, then, are separate from the anti-Christ figure and the rebellion is not the opposition and exaltation he performs. This example aligns with Paul’s linear progression of events preceding Christ’s
parousias. Thus, as a Biblical example for the end-times, multiple account prophecy supports a general state of apostasy as a valid interpretation for the first prerequisite condition of
apostesia. And in this comparison, the state of rebellion represented by the Jews of Jerusalem turning away from their God ought to provide the example for a similar general situation developing in the future.
Instead of substituting
apostesia or rebellion with the two elements of actions by the anti-Christ, the general state of
apostesia as with the Church of Laodicea and society in general leads to an environment where the anti-Christ’s opposition and exaltation can take hold. This reading for a general state of rebellion would then interject the second pair of conditions Paul lists, the opposition - exaltation and the setting of the image in the Temple between the rebellion and the revealing of the anti-Christ as follows:
- The rebellion occurs
- Opposition and exaltation
- Setting himself up as God
- The man of lawlessness revealed.
- Jesus comes
- Our being gathering to Him
- Dead in Christ
- Those who are alive and are left
In the overall context of a sequence of events, there is one more facet added to the order - and again in reverse order: an entity holding back the man of lawlessness. Some conjecture concerns this verse and for a full refutation, see Appendix C. Simply put though, although the Pre-Tribulation school of eschatology puts the Church as being taken out here; however, as is shown, this is a prerequisite step for Christ coming back and gathering the Elect.
2TH 2:5 Don't you remember that when I was with you I used to tell you these things? 6 And now you know what is holding him back, so that he may be revealed at the proper time. 7 For the secret power of lawlessness is already at work; but the one who now holds it back will continue to do so till he is taken out of the way. 8 And then the lawless one will be revealed…
When this one is taken out of the way, or more appropriately taken out of the middle of the way, then the man of lawlessness is revealed. Some may see the anti-Christ ahead of time, but not enough proof will exist to say this man is the actual anti-Christ. While his campaign goes on, others are aligned with him just as the angel tells John in Revelation 17 that the ten Kings make war against the Lamb so that some doubt remains as to which one the anti-Christ will be. However, at the installation of the image, all doubt will be removed and the anti-Christ will be fully revealed. This final act of rebellion, the installation of the Abomination by the Desolator in the Temple will be timed by the removal of the “one.” Thus God makes the anti-Christ conform to His plan for Jerusalem and Daniel’s “people” in fulfillment of the seventy ‘sevens.’ The final sequence of events in Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians would then have an additional element provided in the mix:
- The rebellion occurs
- Opposition and exaltation
- The “one” removed from the midst
- Setting himself up as God
- The man of lawlessness revealed.
- Jesus comes
- Our being gathering to Him
- Dead in Christ
- Those who are alive and are left
Drawing from Revelation 13:5 and 7 allows for a period of time for the rebellious nature of opposition against Christians and exaltation of the anti-Christ. The first three events can be understood as happening in the first half of the one ‘seven’ before the midpoint abomination of Daniel 9:27. After a restraining force from God is removed from the midst, then the final act of setting up the talking statue in the Temple removes any remaining doubt as to who the anti-Christ’s is and his intentions which would align Paul’s sequence as given to be much like the lens of dual focus in Daniel 11:31-35. The image fully reveals the anti-Christ and God’s people then resist him and the Great Tribulation that follows, which Paul does not include here, but Jesus did in the Olivet Discourse. This is followed by Christ’s coming and the gathering.
The order here is not complete. Paul omits much information, just as he mentions nothing of the Great Tribulation or God’s Wrath in how Jesus undoes the man of lawlessness. However, what can be discerned as missing, can be found in other prophetic accounts. Furthermore, by the specific and unique markers of the ‘setting up’ and the Day of the Lord, this account can be consolidated with other major prophetic accounts which build the framework of an end-time eschatology timeline. The important aspects are first that the order remains intact and in sync with other end-time prophecy and the second would be the additional information Paul provides:
The elements that are preserved in the general sequence of events are:
- Rebellion being both opposition to Christians and the exaltation of the ungodly
- Revealing the anti-Christ as a seminal event
- Christ’s coming
- And the subsequent gathering of the Elect
While the additional bits of information Paul provides are:
- “One” is holding back this man of lawlessness showing God’s control
- The Abomination occurs in the Temple.
- The order of the gathering, with the Dead in Christ rising first
Nothing in Paul’s eschatology conflicts with the general pattern which is emerging from Daniel and the Olivet Discourse. Rather the events he does list are in the same order. Having said that, reaching another conclusion; while Thessalonians is an important aspect of end-time Scripture, it is in no means a complete description of it. In it though, Paul does give a sequence of events which must precede Christ’s coming and the rapture of the Elect. This emerging picture does fit with other commentaries that maintain by his actions and plans that Paul did not expect an “anytime” rapture.
The final event in Paul’s sequence of events picks up where the text left off:
2Th 2:8b …whom the Lord Jesus will overthrow with the breath of his mouth and destroy by the splendor of his coming.
This one half verse by itself could lead a reader to conclude that the Day of the Lord coincides with the final destruction of the man of lawlessness. Indeed, without the other multiple accounts of God’s Wrath in the end-times, concluding that a single stroke by the sword emanating from Jesus’ mouth as figuratively represented in Revelation 19:15 finishes the conflagration enveloping the world would be reasonable. The conventional Post-Tribulation eschatology uses this verse myopically precluding other conditional facts and linear sequences and has the Day of the Lord be either the Day to end all, or lengthens the Day of the Lord to encompass Wrath which is not explicitly connected to it. Looking at this verse solely leads to battling verses and without keeping the big picture in view, typifies the history of prophetic interpretation without a sequence-of-events paradigm. Looking at the verbs can shed some light at how a sequence-of-events perspective can view this verse in light of other prophetic timelines.
The verb
overthrow comes from
anaireō and it means in the nominal sense: “take up,” “take away,” “make an end” (ECB p1631). Furthermore, the word is a conjunction of
aná and
hairéō.
hairéō means “to take,” “to win,” “to comprehend,” or “to select” (TDNT p27). The first part:
aná lends either an emphatic meaning or the sense of “up.” Figuratively, it means to take away violently and so to put to death, kill, slay, or murder. The use of
anaireō here by Paul is in the future tense, indicative mood, and active voice. Jesus will do this stated as a fact.
The verb
destroy comes from
katargeō and in the nominal sense it means: “to render inoperative,” “to abolish” (ECB p1659). Bromiley says, “The provisional disarming of demonic powers will issue in their complete destruction at the return of Christ” for its use in 2Th 2:8.
The man of lawless had been granted authority for forty two months. That authority culminated at the midpoint abomination. Immediately afterward, “Who is like God” arises and the Two Witnesses arrive. By their very nature being unable to be harmed, they upset the previously uncontested rule of the beast of a man. The first thing that can be suggested by
anaireō is that previous authority is violently taken away, especially when the Two Witnesses can consume any person who comes up against them.
The verb
anaireō cannot be used in its normal figurative sense of being put to death, slain, killed, or murdered because the anti-Christ is not killed on the earth. Whether the first instance of Christ's coming on the Day of the Lord in a Pre-Wrath eschatology or at the last day of the one ‘seven’ at Armageddon even in a classical Post-Trib eschatology; Jesus does not kill the anti-Christ on earth. This fact of interpretation stands upon Revelation 19:20 where the beast of a man is captured alive, and thrown while still alive into the Lake of Fire along with the false
To use
anaireō in its nominal sense, Jesus would ‘make an end’ of the anti-Christ which suggests a process. Overthrowing him from his previous authority, removing his “power,” would be first part of the process which would come with the Two Witnesses who defy the anti-Christ; he is powerless over them. As the end-times proceed under a Pre-Wrath eschatological framework, making an end is a process whereby God’s Wrath reduces the anti-Christ’s world to a shadow of its former self. Final victory is Pyrrhic; he conquers the Kings of the South and East only to find himself facing the Lord of Hosts which ends with his capture.
Finally then, the anti-Christ is destroyed utterly. He is judged just as is determined in Revelation 11:18, “The time has come for…destroying those who destroy the earth.” He is judged before God and thrown into the Lake of Fire.
2nd Thessalonians 2:8 describes a sequence-of-events:
- The man of lawlessness is revealed.
- Jesus will make an end of him.
- He is utterly destroyed.
Taken by itself, 2Th 2:8 could be read as happening very quickly. However, with additional revelation of God’s Wrath, which Paul does not address other than to assure the Church it does not face it, the Bible expressly states that it takes time; in the case of the first Woe, it takes five months alone. Other desolations which God has decreed may take longer as will be suggested later so that the entire remaining period of the second half of the one ‘seven’ will go until the end is poured out upon the desolator.
Since the first event of 2Th 2:8 is the midpoint, and the last event happens after the one ‘seven’ is over when the anti-Christ is judged before God, the second event can be anywhere in between in the second half of the one ‘seven.’ The suggestion here is that by use of the verb
anaireō, it can, as a process, be the whole of the second half of the one ‘seven.’
Paul’s sequence of events in 2Th 2:1-8 can be summarized in bullet form in this manner:
- The rebellion occurs
- Opposition and exaltation
- The “one” removed from the midst
- Setting himself up as God
- The man of lawlessness revealed
- Jesus comes
- Our being gathering to Him
- Dead in Christ
- Those who are alive and are left
- The man of lawlessness is undone
- He is done away with entirely.